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FAQ ID # 1686
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Question / Issue
A nonbeliever told me that there is no proof that Moses and the Israelite's were ever in Egypt. Is there any secular proof that the people of ancient Israel were ever in Egypt? Thank you for your help.

Answer / Solution
As is the case with Archaeology, we are relying upon what remains for us to study.  In our modern era, there is much that is lost to us.  However, for some odd reason in recent history (say the last 100 or so years) there has been arguments that the Exodus account never occurred.  The problem with this, is that scholars who had access to texts and materials closer to the actual event take the Mosaic writings at face value.  The other issue that your non-believing friend has to face is that the Bible overall has a stellar record when it comes to archaeology.   For years people have tried to prove the Bible false with the science of archaeology, unfortunately for them it's become a nightmare as evidence continues to "pile" in to back up the Bible's descriptions of places, events, and people.   Even if there are no apparent remnants of the Hebrews in Egyptian finds, it is also true that the Egyptians were very fond of scratching out or destroying Kings' names and sites that they weren't happy with.  Think "revisionist" history, Egyptian style.   However, there are no real discoveries that DISPROVE the Exodus account.   If the Bible has been accurate in almost all areas, why doubt it about what is said about an event that occurred around 1400 BC?

In fact there are many archaeological finds that prove the Biblical accounts in Genesis and Exodus are accurate.  Akkadian (Canaanite) writings such as the Amarna Letters, Gilgameshes "Atrahasis Epic", Enuma Elish, Hammurapi's code, Mari Tablets, Shalamaneser's Black Obelisk, and more.  Egyptian writings of the "Seven Lean Years", Sinuhe's Story, Wenumen's Journey, etc.  All of these writings closely parrallel or shed light on customs, laws, people, events that occurred in the Old Testament. 

Josephus, Eusebius, and Africanus, in the first few centuries quote an Egyptian priest by the name of Manetho.

Modern scholars are skeptical about what survives from Manetho's writings, nevertheless, it is quite apparent that the original Manetho frequently relied on legitimate and accurate source material about Egypt’s chronological history. In fact, he was a priest at the temple at Heliopolis and tradition held that in this temple there was a depiction of a Tree of Life that contained the names of all the Egyptian kings on its leaves. It has been argued,  in other papers and articles, that Manetho originally had a very accurate chronological history of Egypt and that the copies of his works that have survived represent badly garbled mutilations of his original text.

All this to say that modern scholars are willing to give the benefit of the doubt to Manetho.  Why not to the Bible which is infinitely more accurate?



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